As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 9, 2024

Registration No. 333-275456

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Post-effective Amendment No. 1 to

FORM S-1 ON FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

ENSYSCE BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

7946 Ivanhoe Avenue, Suite 201

La Jolla, California 92037

(858) 263-4196

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Dr. Lynn Kirkpatrick

President, Chief Executive Officer & Director

7946 Ivanhoe Avenue, Suite 201

La Jolla, California 92037

(858) 263-4196

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Gregory J. Rubis, Esq.

Eric D. Kline, Esq.

Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP

301 Carnegie Center, Suite 400

Princeton, New Jersey 08540

Telephone: (609) 452-0808

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

PROSPECTUS

ENSYSCE BIOSCIENCES, INC.

Up to 1,029,387 Shares of Common Stock Underlying Notes

Up to 3,767,091 Shares of Common Stock Underlying Warrants

This prospectus relates to the issuance by us and the resale by the selling security holders named in this prospectus (the “Selling Securityholders”) of up to an aggregate of 4,796,478 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”), which consists of (i) up to 1,029,387 shares of common stock that (A) are issuable to the Selling Securityholders that are party to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated October 23, 2023 (the “October 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement”) upon the conversion of $214,000 remaining aggregate principal amount of our secured convertible 8% original issue discount promissory notes (the “Investor Notes”), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, based upon a conversion price of $1.5675 per share and (B) were issued to Selling Securityholders party to the October 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement upon conversion of Investor Notes; and (ii) up to 3,767,091 shares of common stock that are issuable to the Selling Securityholders upon the exercise of warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at a per share exercise price of $1.5675 that we issued to the Selling Securityholders in the private placement through two closings in connection with the October 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Investor Warrants”). Investor Warrants for 2,000,000 shares of common stock were subsequently amended to provide that no exercise is permitted from August 28, 2024 until the date of stockholder approval of the issuance of securities pursuant to agreements executed on August 28, 2024 and the exercise price for those Investor Warrants is reduced to $0.47 per share of common stock. See “Description of Capital Stock — Warrants — Investor Warrants” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus and “Description of Capital Stock — Convertible Promissory Notes — 2023 Secured Convertible Promissory Note” beginning on page 13 of this prospectus.

Our registration of the securities covered by this prospectus does not mean that either we or the Selling Securityholders will issue, offer or sell, as applicable, any of the securities being registered. The Selling Securityholders may offer, sell, or distribute all or a portion of the securities being registered publicly or through private transactions at prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sales of our common stock by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus. We will, however, receive the net proceeds of any Investor Warrants if exercised for cash. We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of these securities, including with regard to compliance with state securities or “blue sky” laws. The Selling Securityholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to their sale of shares of our common stock. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 16 of this prospectus.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ENSC” and certain warrants we previously issued (the “Public Warrants”) are quoted on the OTC Pink Open Market under the symbol “ENSCW.” On October 7, 2024, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.2199 per share and the closing bid price for our Public Warrants as quoted on the OTC Pink Open Market was $0.028.

You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or amendment carefully before you invest in our securities.

Our business and investing in our securities involve a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Prospectus dated [____ ], 2024.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GLOSSARY

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information other than the information that we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and your reliance on any unauthorized information or representation is at your own risk. This prospectus may be used only in jurisdictions where offers and sales of these securities are permitted. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus contains market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included in this prospectus may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

The representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) before the date of this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus. If any statement in a document incorporated by reference is inconsistent with a statement in another document incorporated by reference having a later date, the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders has authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, or any applicable prospectus supplement prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We and the Selling Securityholders take no responsibility for and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we, nor the Selling Securityholders, will make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and any applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of certain documents have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

We own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, our name, logos and website name and address are our trademarks or service marks. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus are listed without the applicable ®, ™ and SM symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.

On June 30, 2021, we consummated the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, with the Company surviving in the Merger. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, LACQ changed its name to “Ensysce Biosciences, Inc.”

On October 28, 2022, we effected a one-for-twenty reverse split of our common stock (the “2022 Reverse Split”). On March 31, 2023, we effected a one-for-twelve reverse split of our common stock (the “2023 Reverse Split” and together with the 2022 Reverse Split the “Reverse Splits”). All share and per share information has been restated retroactively, giving effect to the Reverse Splits for all periods presented.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “Ensysce,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar terms refer to Ensysce Biosciences, Inc. (f/k/a Leisure Acquisition Corp.) and its consolidated subsidiaries.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions, or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements.” These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “seeks,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” or “should” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in several places throughout this registration statement/prospectus and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies and the markets in which we operate. Such forward-looking statements are based on available current market material and management’s expectations, beliefs and forecasts concerning future events impacting our company. Factors that may impact such forward-looking statements include:

The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on our company. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We will not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC, all of which are incorporated by reference herein, together with the Risk Factors set forth below, before making an investment decision. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have an adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. You should also carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included in this registration statement/prospectus, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” We may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, which may also impair our business or financial condition.

Risks Related to this Offering and Our Securities

We need to raise additional capital after this offering to support our operations.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sales of our common stock by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus. We will, however, receive the net proceeds of any Investor Warrants if exercised for cash.

We have incurred substantial losses since our inception. Net losses and negative cash flows have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future as we continue our research and development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates.

Our current cash on hand is sufficient to fund operations into the third quarter of 2024. The report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 contains explanatory language that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern. We have reduced expenses because we do not have access to sufficient cash and liquidity to finance our business operations as currently contemplated and may be compelled to reduce further general and administrative expenses and delay research and development projects until we are able to obtain sufficient financing. We may find it difficult to raise money on terms favorable to us or at all. The failure to obtain sufficient capital to support our operations would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If sufficient financing is not received timely, we would then need to pursue a plan to license or sell assets, seek to be acquired by another entity, cease operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection.

If we are unable to regain and maintain compliance with the listing standards of Nasdaq, our common stock may become delisted, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise funding, which could negatively impact our business, capital and financial condition.

On August 20, 2024, we received notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) stating that due to the Company’s non-compliance with the $2.5 million stockholders’ equity requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) as of June 30, 2024, the Company is subject to delisting unless it timely requests a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”). The Company timely requested a hearing before the Panel, which request stays any further action by Nasdaq pending the conclusion of the hearing process.

On March 27, 2024, the Company received a notice (the “Deficiency Letter”) from Nasdaq stating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) because the bid price for the Company’s common stock had closed below $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days. Nasdaq requires that Ensysce common stock have a minimum bid price of at least $1 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price”). In accordance with Nasdaq listing rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company has 180 calendar days, or until September 23, 2024, to regain compliance. The Deficiency Letter states that to regain compliance, the bid price for the Company’s common stock must close at the Minimum Bid Price for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the compliance period ending September 23, 2024. The Deficiency Letter does not explicitly address that the Nasdaq staff may require a longer period for compliance with the Minimum Bid Price in some circumstances, but generally not more than 20 consecutive business days.

The Company did not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price by September 23, 2024, and Nasdaq staff provided written notice to the Company that this non-compliance would also be addressed at the upcoming hearing before the Panel.

There can be no assurance that the Company will be granted more time to attempt to comply with the Equity Rule or be able to regain or maintain compliance with the Equity Rule, the Minimum Bid Price requirement or other Nasdaq listing standards.

If you purchase our securities in this offering you may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings or other equity issuances.

To raise additional capital, we will need to offer and issue additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock in the future. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering.

In addition, we have a significant number of warrants and stock options outstanding. Further, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans.

The market price of our common stock and the trading volume of our common stock has been and may continue to be, highly volatile, and such volatility could cause the market price of our common stock to decrease.

Between January 1, 2024, and October 7, 2024, the market price of our common stock fluctuated from a low of $0.22 per share to a high of $2.06 per share, and our stock price continues to fluctuate. The market price and trading volume of our common stock may continue to fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as:

Further, the stock market in general and micro-cap clinical trial pharmaceutical issuers in particular, have recently experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme volatility in the price of our common stock, which could cause a decline in the value of our common stock and the loss of some or all your investment.

We have never paid dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never paid dividends on any of our capital stock and currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the growth of our business. We may also enter into credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that will restrict our ability to declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock.

USE OF PROCEEDS

The Selling Securityholders will receive all the proceeds from this offering. We will, however, receive the net proceeds of any Investor Warrants if exercised for cash. Proceeds, if any, received from the exercise of such Investor Warrants will be used for working capital for general corporate purposes. No assurances can be given that any of such Investor Warrants will be exercised. The Selling Securityholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders in disposing of the shares. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus, including all registration and filing fees, and fees and expenses for our counsel and our independent registered public accountants.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following summary of the material terms of our common stock and description of certain of our other securities is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of our common stock or such other securities. We urge you to read the third amended and restated certificate of incorporation in its entirety for a complete description of the rights and preferences of our common stock. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Pursuant to the third amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our authorized capital stock consists of 250,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 1,500,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.0001 par value.

Common Stock

As of October 7, 2024, 13,870,510 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding.

Common stockholders of record are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. Unless specified in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or as required by applicable provisions of the DGCL or applicable stock exchange rules, the affirmative vote of a majority of our shares of common stock that are voted is required to approve any such matter voted on by our stockholders. Our Board is divided into three classes, each of which will generally serve for a term of three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors or any other matter, with the result that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voted for the election of directors can elect all the directors. Our stockholders are entitled to receive ratable dividends when, as and if declared by the Board out of funds legally available therefor.

In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up, our stockholders are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining available for distribution to them after payment of liabilities and after provision is made for each class of stock, if any, having preference over the common stock. Our stockholders have no preemptive or other subscription rights. There are no sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock.

Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions of our Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws

Our third amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may delay, defer or discourage another party from acquiring control of us. These provisions, which are summarized below, discourage coercive takeover practices or inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our Board, which may result in an improvement of the terms of any such acquisition in favor of our stockholders. However, they also give the Board the power to discourage acquisitions that some stockholders may favor.

Classified Board

Our third amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our Board is classified into three classes of directors. As a result, in most circumstances, a person can gain control of our Board only by successfully engaging in a proxy contest at two or more annual meetings.

Authorized but Unissued Shares

Our authorized but unissued shares of common and preferred stock are available for future issuances without stockholder approval and could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. However, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq, which apply if and so long as our common stock remains listed on the Nasdaq, require stockholder approval of certain issuances equal to or exceeding 20% of the then outstanding voting power or then outstanding number of shares of common stock. Additional shares that may be used in the future may be issued for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings, to raise additional capital, or to facilitate acquisitions. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved common stock and preferred stock could render it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Special Meetings of Stockholders

Our bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by a majority vote of our Board.

Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations

Our bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders, must provide timely notice of their intent in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice will need to be received by the company secretary at our principal executive offices not later than the close of business on the 90^th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120^th day prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, proposals seeking inclusion in our annual proxy statement must comply with the notice periods contained therein. Our bylaws also specify certain requirements as to the form and content of a stockholders meeting. These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders.

Amendment of Charter or Bylaws

The amendment, alteration or repeal of the provisions of the third amended and restated certificate of incorporation governing limitation of director liability, indemnification and advancement of expenses or the adoption of any provision or bylaw inconsistent with those provisions may only be effected by the affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least sixty five percent (65%) of the voting power of our outstanding shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, at a meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose. The affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least 65% of the voting power of all outstanding shares of our capital stock is required for any amendment of the indemnification provisions in the bylaws or adoption of a provision inconsistent with them.

Exclusive Forum

Under our charter, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, subject to certain limitations, the sole and exclusive forum will be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have jurisdiction, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware, or, if the Superior Court of the State of Delaware also does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware) for:

For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing provisions of our charter will not apply to any action or proceeding asserting a claim under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. These provisions of our charter could limit the ability of our stockholders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for certain disputes with us or with our current or former directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our current or former directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our charter inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the types of actions or proceedings listed above, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (sometimes referred to as Section 203) regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging, under specified circumstances, in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:

Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting securities. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors do not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section 203 may also discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of our common stock held by stockholders.

The provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, consequently, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

Warrants

Investor Warrants

On October 25, 2023, we completed the first of two closings under the October 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement, whereby we issued to the selling securityholders signatory thereto warrants (the “Investor Warrants”) to purchase 1,255,697 shares of common stock in the aggregate. On November 28, 2023, we completed the second closing and issued Investor Warrants to purchase 2,511,394 shares of common stock. The Investor Warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance at a per share common stock exercise price of $1.5675. Investor Warrants to purchase 2,443,187 shares of common stock were outstanding as of October 3, 2024. On August 28, 2024, we executed an Inducement Offer to Exercise Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the “August 2024 Inducement Letter”) that, among other things, reduced the exercise price of 2,000,000 of the Investor Warrants issued November 28, 2023, that are held by one investor to $0.47 per share of common stock. These warrants were amended such that they are not exercisable from August 28, 2024, until the date approval is received from our stockholders for the securities to be issued under the August 2024 Inducement Letter and a related securities purchase agreement among the signatories to the August 2024 Inducement Letter. Additional information about the August 2024 Inducement Letter and related securities purchase agreement is set forth below under “Description of Capital Stock – Warrants – 2024 Warrants.” Stockholder approval for the issuance of the 2,000,000 Investor Warrants is required to be sought until approval is obtained. The results of our stockholder meetings are disclosed in Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC. Our obligations under the Investor Warrants are secured by all our and our subsidiaries’ assets and are guaranteed jointly and severally by our subsidiaries.

Prior Warrants

On September 24, 2021, we entered into the 2021 Securities Purchase Agreement, whereby we issued to the purchasers signatory thereto warrants to purchase 4,518 shares of the common stock in the aggregate (the “2021 Prior Warrants”) in closings on September 24, 2021 and November 5, 2021. The 2021 Prior Warrants have a reset per share exercise price of $3.637 and are exercisable for five years following issuance. Our obligations under the 2021 Prior Warrants are secured by all our and our subsidiaries’ assets and are guaranteed jointly and severally by our subsidiaries.

On July 1, 2022, and August 8, 2022, we completed closings under the 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement, whereby we issued to the purchasers signatory thereto warrants (the “2022 Prior Warrants”) to purchase 38,900 shares of the common stock in the aggregate. The 2022 Prior Warrants have a reset per share exercise price of $3.637 and are exercisable for five years following issuance. Our obligations under the Prior Warrants are secured by all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets and are guaranteed jointly and severally by our subsidiaries.

Other Warrants

On December 9, 2022, we issued warrants, pursuant to a registered offering, to purchase 549,993 shares of our common stock in the aggregate with a per share exercise price of $12.81. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance.

On February 2, 2023, we issued warrants to purchase 297,619 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $8.58 per share. These warrants expire five and one-half years after the original issue date. On February 2, 2023, we also issued warrants to purchase 20,832 shares of our common stock with exercisable price of $12.60 per share. These warrants expire five years after the original issue date.

On May 12, 2023, we issued: (i) warrants of five-year duration to purchase 1,800,876 shares of our common stock in the aggregate with an exercise price of $3.637 per share; (ii) warrants of eighteen-month duration to purchase 1,800,876 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $3.637 per share and (iii) warrants of five-year duration to purchase 126,061 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $4.8588 per share. On May 12, 2023, we also issued pre-funded warrants to purchase 222,072 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $0.0001 per share.

As described below under “Description of Capital Stock–Warrants–2024 Warrants”, the warrants to purchase 3,601,752 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $3.637 were subsequently repriced and exercised.

Over time, we have issued, to a number of third parties, other warrants that may be exercised for common stock. Some of these warrants are traded on the OTC Pink Open Market under the symbol “ENSCW”.

2024 Warrants

On February 12, 2024, we entered into an inducement offer letter agreement (the “February Inducement Letter”) with certain holders (the “Holders”) of certain of our existing warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,601,752 shares of the common stock issued to the Holders on May 12, 2023, and having an original exercise price of $3.637 per share (the “Existing Warrants”). Pursuant to the Inducement Letter, the Holders agreed to exercise for cash their Existing Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,601,752 shares of common stock at a reduced exercise price of $1.31 per share in consideration of our agreement to issue new unregistered Series A Warrants to purchase up to 3,601,752 shares of common stock and new unregistered Series B Warrants to purchase up to 3,601,752 shares of common stock. The Series A Warrants have an exercise price of $1.06 per share, are exercisable immediately upon issuance and have a term equal to eighteen months from the date of issuance. The Series B Warrants have an exercise price of $1.06 per share, are exercisable immediately upon issuance and will expire on May 12, 2028. In connection with the execution of the Inducement Letter, we issued to a placement agent unregistered warrants to purchase up to 252,123 shares of common stock (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). The Placement Agent Warrants expire on May 12, 2028, and have an exercise price of $1.6375 per share of common stock (equal to 125% of the reduced exercise price of $1.31 per Existing Warrant).

The August 2024 Inducement Letter also included an agreement with certain holders (the “Induced Holders”) of our existing warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 7,203,504 shares of the common stock issued to the Induced Holders on February 14, 2024 and having an original exercise price of $1.06 per share (the “February Warrants”). Pursuant to the August 2024 Inducement Letter, the Induced Holders agreed to exercise for cash their February Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 7,203,504 shares of common stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.47 per share in consideration of our agreement to issue new unregistered Series A-3 Warrants to purchase up to 10,805,256 shares of common stock and new unregistered Series A-4 Warrants to purchase up to 10,805,256 shares of common stock. The Series A-3 Warrants have an exercise price of $0.47 per share, are exercisable at any time on or after stockholder approval is received and have a term of exercise equal to eighteen months from the date of stockholder approval. The Series B Warrants have an exercise price of $0.47 per share, are exercisable at any time on or after stockholder approval is received and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of stockholder approval. We also reduced the exercise price per share on Investor Warrants issued in November 2023 for 2,000,000 shares of common stock from $1.06 to $0.47, as described above under “Description of Capital Stock – Warrants – Investor Warrants.” On August 28, 2024, we also entered into Securities Purchase Agreement (the “August 2024 SPA”) pursuant to which we issued to the Induced Holders new unregistered Series A-3 Warrants, described above, to purchase up to 3,553,194 shares of common stock and new unregistered Series A-4 Warrants, described above, to purchase up to 3,553,194 shares of common stock. In connection with the execution of the August 2024 Inducement Letter the August 2024 SPA and a registered direct offering that closed on August 29, 2024, we issued to a placement agent unregistered warrants to purchase up to 752,969 shares of common stock (the “August Placement Agent Warrants”). The August Placement Agent Warrants expire on August 28, 2029, and have an exercise price of $0.5875 per share of common stock (equal to 125% of the reduced exercise price of $0.47 per February Warrant).

Convertible Promissory Notes

2021 Secured Convertible Promissory Notes

On September 24, 2021, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2021 Securities Purchase Agreement”) whereby we issued to the purchasers signatory thereto the 2021 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $15.9 million for an aggregate purchase price of $15 million. Our obligations under the 2021 Securities Purchase Agreement are secured by all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets and are guaranteed jointly and severally by our subsidiaries. Principal and interest under the 2021 Notes have been satisfied in full.

We previously registered with the SEC the resale of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2021 Notes, as well as the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the 2021 Prior Warrants (as defined above).

2022 Secured Convertible Promissory Notes

On June 30, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2022 Securities Purchase Agreement”) whereby we issued to the purchasers signatory thereto the 2022 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $8.48 million for an aggregate purchase price of $8.0 million in two closings under the 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement, the first closing occurring on July 1, 2022 and the second occurring on August 8, 2022. Our obligations under the 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement are secured by all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets and are guaranteed jointly and severally by our subsidiaries. Principal and interest under the 2022 Notes have been satisfied in full.

We previously registered with the SEC the resale of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2022 Notes, as well as the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the 2022 Prior Warrants (as defined above).

2023 Secured Convertible Promissory Note

On October 23, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “October 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement”) whereby at the first of two closings, on October 25, 2023, we issued to certain investors, including our Chairman, Investor Notes in the principal amount of $612,000 for a purchase price of $566,667. At the second closing, on November 28, 2023, we issued additional Investor Notes in the principal amount of $1,224,000 for a purchase price of $1,133,333, which increased the aggregate principal amount raised under the 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement to $1,836,000 for an aggregate purchase price of $1,700,000. The Investor Notes, subject to an original issue discount of eight percent (8%), had a term of six months and accrued interest at the rate of 6.0% per annum. The Investor Notes are convertible into the common stock, at a per share conversion price equal to $1.5675. Under the Investor Notes, commencing 90 days after issuance (January 2024), we were obligated to redeem one third (1/3^rd) of the original principal amount under the applicable Investor Note, plus accrued but unpaid interest, liquidated damages and any other amounts then owing to the holder of such Investor Note. All Investor Notes, other than those issued to our Chairman, were repaid in full, at a premium, in February 2024. On April 25, 2024, the Company and our Chairman entered into a forbearance agreement that will expire on April 25, 2025 relating to $216,000 of the Notes held by him. Upon termination of the forbearance period, the Company will owe the remaining outstanding principal balance together with unpaid interest. The Company may pay the Investor Notes held by the Chairman in full at any time prior to the conclusion of the forbearance period.

The Investor Notes may not be converted to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion, the Purchaser, together with its affiliates and any other person acting as a group as defined pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the affiliates and such persons, the “Attribution Parties”), would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of the common stock outstanding immediately prior to, and immediately after giving effect to, the conversion of all or any portion of the Investor Notes (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Purchasers may adjust the Beneficial Ownership limitation at any time, upon 61 days’ notice, provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation may not be adjusted above 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately prior to, and immediately after giving effect to, the conversion of all or any portion of the Investor Notes.

Through the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part we registered with the SEC the resale of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Investor Notes, as well as the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Investor Warrants. The Investor Notes contain certain covenants, and events of default and triggering events, respectively, which would require repayment of the obligations outstanding pursuant to such instruments. Our obligations under the Investor Notes are secured by all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets and guaranteed jointly and severally by our subsidiaries.

SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS

This prospectus relates to the resale by the Selling Securityholders from time to time of up to 4,796,478 shares of our common stock and shares of our common stock underlying the Investor Warrants. The Selling Securityholders may offer and sell some, all or none of the common stock set forth below pursuant to this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. As used in this prospectus, the term “Selling Securityholders” includes the persons listed in the table below, together with any additional selling securityholders listed in a subsequent amendment to this prospectus, and their pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees, successors, designees and others who later come to hold any of the Selling Securityholders’ interests in the common stock, other than through a public sale.

The table below lists the Selling Securityholders and provides information about the beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock held by each Selling Securityholder. The second column lists the number of shares of common stock owned by each Selling Securityholder, based on exercise of the Investor Warrants and other warrants held by each selling securityholder, without regard to any limitations on exercises contained therein. The third column lists the shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus by the Selling Securityholders. This prospectus generally covers the resale of the maximum number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Investor Warrants, determined as if the Investor Warrants had been exercised in full, in each case without regard to any limitations on the exercise of the Investor Warrants. The fourth column assumes the sale of all shares offered by the Selling Securityholders by this prospectus. In the fifth column, the applicable percentage ownership of common stock beneficially owned is based on approximately 13,870,510 shares of common stock outstanding as of October 7, 2024, accounting for any limitations on the exercise of warrants contained therein.

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC and beneficial ownership includes voting or investment power over securities. We have prepared the table based on information given to us by, or on behalf of, the Selling Securityholders.

Please see the section titled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus for further information regarding the Selling Securityholders’ methods of distributing these shares.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Each Selling Securityholder, and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their Company securities covered hereby on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which such securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices.

A Selling Securityholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:

The Selling Securityholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.

Broker dealers engaged by the Selling Securityholders may arrange for other brokers dealers to participate in sales. Broker dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Securityholders (or, if any broker dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2440; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA IM-2440.

In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the Selling Securityholders may enter hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities while hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Securityholders may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Securityholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

The Selling Securityholders and any broker-dealers or agents that participate in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. Each Selling Securityholder has informed the Company that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities. In no event shall any broker-dealer receive fees, commissions and markups which, in the aggregate, would exceed eight percent (8%).

The Company is required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the Company incident to the registration of the securities.

Because Selling Securityholders may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, they will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act including Rule 172 thereunder. In addition, any securities covered by this prospectus which qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 rather than under this prospectus. The Selling Securityholders have advised us that there is no underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with the proposed sale of the resale securities by the Selling Securityholders.

We agreed to keep this prospectus effective for the Selling Securityholders for common stock issued upon conversion of Investor notes and for common stock resold following exercise of the Investor Warrants (the “resale securities”) at all times until no holder of the Investor Warrants holds any Investor Warrants or resale securities or certain other requirements are met. The resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the Selling Securityholders will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of securities of the common stock by the Selling Securityholders or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the Selling Securityholders and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP. Any underwriters or agents will be advised about other issues relating to the offering by counsel to be named in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended, appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, incorporated in this prospectus by reference, have been audited by Moss Adams LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph regarding the existence of substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern). Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC under the Securities Act and does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement or the exhibits to the reports or other documents incorporated herein by reference for a copy of such contract, agreement or other document.

We are currently subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and in accordance therewith file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to you on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov and in the “Investors” section of our website at www.ensysce.com. Our website and the information contained on that site, or connected to that site, are not incorporated into and are not a part of this prospectus.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information from other documents that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the information or documents listed below that we have filed with the SEC:

We also incorporate by reference any future filings (other than any filings or portions of such reports that are not deemed “filed” under the Exchange Act in accordance with the Exchange Act and applicable SEC rules, including current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits furnished on such form that are related to such items unless such Form 8-K expressly provides to the contrary) made with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including those made after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, until we file a post-effective amendment that indicates the termination of the offering of the securities made by this prospectus and will become a part of this prospectus from the date that such documents are filed with the SEC. Information in such future filings updates and supplements the information provided in this prospectus. Any statements in any such future filings will automatically be deemed to modify and supersede any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document modify or replace such earlier statements.

We will furnish without charge to you, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents by writing or telephoning us at the following address or phone number. Ensysce Biosciences, Inc., 7946 Ivanhoe Avenue, Suite 201, La Jolla, California 92037, telephone number (858) 263-4196. You may also access this information on our website at www.ensysce.com by viewing the “SEC Filings” subsection of the “Investors” menu. No additional information is deemed to be part of or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Up to 1,029,387 Shares of Common Stock Underlying Notes

Up to 3,767,091 Shares of Common Stock Underlying Warrants

ENSYSCE BIOSCIENCES, INC.

PROSPECTUS

[_______ __], 2024

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following is a statement of estimated expenses payable by the registrant, other than placement agent fees and expenses, in connection with the offering described in this registration statement. All amounts are estimates except the SEC registration fee.

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) allows a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation will not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except where the director breached the duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law, authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware corporate law or obtained an improper personal benefit. The registrant’s third amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for this limitation of liability.

Section 145 of the DGCL, provides, among other things, that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who was, is or is threatened to be made, party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of such corporation or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. A Delaware corporation may indemnify any persons who were or are a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests, provided further that no indemnification is permitted without judicial approval if the officer, director, employee or agent is adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action referred to above, the corporation must indemnify him or her against the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) which such officer or director has actually and reasonably incurred.

Section 145 further authorizes a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify such person under Section 145.

The registrant’s amended and restated bylaws provide that it must indemnify and advance expenses to its directors and officers to the full extent authorized by the DGCL.

The registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers. Such agreements may require the registrant, among other things, to advance expenses and otherwise indemnify its executive officers and directors against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as executive officers or directors, to the fullest extent permitted by law.

The indemnification rights set forth above shall not be exclusive of any other right which an indemnified person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, any provision of the registrant’s third amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the registrant’s amended and restated bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the registrant shall not be obligated to indemnify a director or officer in respect of a proceeding (or part thereof) instituted by such director or officer, unless such proceeding (or part thereof) has been authorized by the board of directors pursuant to the applicable procedure outlined in the registrant’s amended and restated bylaws.

Section 174 of the DGCL provides, among other things, that a director, who willfully or negligently approves of an unlawful payment of dividends or an unlawful stock purchase or redemption, may be held jointly and severally liable for such actions. A director who was either absent when the unlawful actions were approved or dissented at the time may avoid liability by causing his or her dissent to such actions to be entered in the books containing the minutes of the meetings of the board of directors at the time such action occurred or immediately after such absent director receives notice of the unlawful acts.

The registrant maintains and expects to maintain standard policies of insurance that provide coverage (1) to its directors and officers against loss rising from claims made by reason of breach of duty or other wrongful act and (2) to the registrant with respect to indemnification payments that the registrant may make to such directors and officers.

These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against the registrant’s directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit the registrant and its stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent the registrant pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

The registrant believes that these provisions, the insurance and the indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced officers and directors.

Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

Set forth below is information regarding shares of securities sold by us within the past three years. Also included is the consideration received by us for such shares and information relating to the section of the Securities Act, or rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission, under which exemption from registration was claimed. Share and per share amounts reported in this Item 15 have been retroactively restated to reflect the Reverse Splits.

Except as otherwise stated, none of the foregoing transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering. Unless otherwise set forth above, we believe each of these transactions was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act (and Regulation D promulgated thereunder) as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering or Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer under benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided under Rule 701. The recipients of the securities in each of these transactions represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed on the share certificates issued in these transactions. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationships with us, to information about us. The sales of these securities were made without any general solicitation or advertising.

Item16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) Exhibits.

Exhibit Index

Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in City of San Diego, State of California, on October 9, 2024.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on October 9, 2024